Retribution is, at its most basic level, the damage dealing spec for Paladins. Retribution is a 2h-weapon-using, melee class that uses mana and a system of charges called Holy Power to damage a target.
Holy Power was introduced at the very end of Wrath of the Lich King with patch 4.0. Holy Power is generated by a slew of the Paladin's main damage abilities and is used to increase damage through the self-buff Inquisition and the ability Templar's Verdict.
See the following posts for further information.
1. Spells & Abilities - This is a pretty basic post listing each ability that a Retribution Paladin will encounter with any frequency and offers a short description of each.
2. Stats - An interpretive list of the best stats for a Ret paladin.
3. Talents - A short page on the basic PVE talents and specs.
4. Item Enhancement -
5. Cooldowns - The various CD's at our disposal and how to take advantage of them.